Orange County Orange County Drug Possession & Drug Sales Attorney
Orange County Drug Lawyer
Orange County DUI Partners Lawyers defend Drug Possession and
Drug Sales charges throughout the state of California, including but
not limited to allegations related to marijuana possession or sales,
cocaine possession and Sales, prescription medication possession and
sales, Marijuana possession.
Nationally Board Certified Criminal
Trial Lawyer Mr. Okorocha is a scientist and drug possession and
drug sales lawyer and is the only Nationally Board Certified Criminal
Trial Lawyer in the State of California with higher education in
Forensic Science.
No attorney in California conducted as many trials
in 2010 in Orange County and Los Angeles County combined as attorney
Okorocha and no trial lawyer in California is as successful with the
most difficult cases. Unlike other attorneys whose pretend to have
expertise because they are former police officers or former
prosecutors, who have not fought for individuals from the beginning,
Orange County Drug Attorney Okorocha has always defended
individuals who are accused by the government.
Mr. Okorocha has formal education in the science of drug testing
which is an angle of attacking the evidence the government presents that other attorneys do not have the expertise to carry out.
Narcotics
Narcotics is the general term used to refer to prescription
medications that relieve pain and induce sleep. The sale or
possession of these drugs is a punishable offense under California
law. Many narcotics are occur naturally in the poppy or opium plant
or are synthetically produced with the same chemical structure and are
thought to produce pain relief by sedation. These are substances
that bring relief from pain and produce sleep. Common names of these
drugs include Oxycontin, Fentanyl, Herion, Vicodin, Hydrocodone,
Morphine, Dilaudid, Methadone, Tylenol 3 and Tylenol 4.
Stimulants
Stimulants include Crack, Cocaine and Amphetamine derivatives which
are known to cause excitement, increased energy, suppressed appetite
and sleeplessness. Stimulants can also include prescription
medications such as Ritalin, Focalin, Adderall and Dexedrine.
Marijuana
The term “Marijuana” as used generally and in this article, describes
the dried flowers of the female Cannabis Sativa (hereinafter referred
to as (C. Sativa) Gregory T. Carter, MD, University of Washington
Department of Medicine.
As one of the first plants to known to humans to have medicinal
and/or recreational value, C. sativa’s use can be traced back to 7,000
B.C. Mechoulam R, Feigenbaum JJ. Towards cannabinoid drugs, Prog Med
Chem. 1987;24:159-207; Rudgley R. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive
Substances, London, UK: Little, Brown & Co; 1998.
CANNABINOID COMPOUNDS
The most popular, discussed and psychoactive chemical in C. Sativa
which is commonly referred to in the scientific literature as
“cannabis” is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (hereinafter referred to as
delta-9-THC or “THC”) . Joy JE, Watson SJ, Benson JA. Marijuana and
Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. Washington, DC: Institute of
Medicine; 1999. www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_ id=6376. Accessed
July 26, 2010.
The organic chemicals and their reactions involved in C. Sativa a.k.a
Cannabis are highly intricate and more than 480 different compounds
have been discovered. ElSohly MA, Slade D, Chemical constituents of
mari-juana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids, Life Sci.,
2005, 78:539–548
Pharmacokinetics of Marijuana
The metabolism of Cannabis is lengthy and complex with numerous
metabolites being formed, most of which are inactive. Watanabe K,
Yamaori S, Funahashi T, et al. Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the
metabolism of tetrahydrocannabinols and cannabinol by human hepatic
microsomes. Life Sci. 2007;80:1415-1419.
THC is cleared from the blood very quickly, mostly due to the
absorption of THC into the fatty tissue. The subsequent slow release
and metabolism contributes to the half-life in plasma being as long
as thirteen (13) days. Watanabe K, Yamaori S, Funahashi T, et al.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of
tetrahydrocannabinols and cannabinol by human hepatic microsomes. Life
Sci. 2007;80:1415-1419.
Tolerance & Dependence of Marijuana
Heavy administration of cannadbinoids to animals and/or heavy use of
cannabinoids by humans results to tolerance to the effects, both
physical and psychoactive. Joy JE, Watson SJ, Benson JA. Marijuana
and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base, Washington, DC: Institute of
Medicine; 1999. www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_ id=6376. Accessed
July 26, 2010.
U.S. LEGAL ISSUES INVOLVING THE USE OF CANNABINOID COMPOUNDS
The use of Marijuana as a medicine has become a political issue.
Marijuana used to be touted as a panacea by the unemployable masses.
Their “scientific basis” for this claim is usually a recitation of the
plight of many severely ill cancer patients.
This article will address the published peer-reviewed information
available on the uses of Marijuana as a medicine.
Cannabis was not included in what was intended as a comprehensive drug
regulation law enacted in 1914 commonly referred to as the Harrison
Narcotics Tax Act of 1914, which regulated the sale and importation of
opiates and other abused drugs. Media propaganda from approximately
1920 to 1940 portrayed Marijuana users as violent and psychotic
maniacs who simply could not be controlled.
Pacula RL, Chriqui JF,
Reichmann DA, Terry-McElrath YM. State medical marijuana laws:
understanding the laws and their limitations. J. Public Health Policy.
2002;23:413-439. This paranoia fueled the anti-marijuana movement’s
efforts to enact laws that regulated marijuana. Id.
By the late 1930s most U.S. states had passed legislation regulating
the use, possession and sale and marijuana. Id. The commissioner of
the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Harry J. Anslinger, a
former law enforcement officer, let the efforts to criminalize
marijuana at the federal level. Id.
The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs was a subdivision of the
Commerce Department and is comparable to the modern day Drug
Enforcement Administration, which is also part of the Commerce
department.
Anslinger fed on the fears of Americans by assuring the general public
that marijuana was highly addictive and was a direct cause of
violence and brain damage.
Bonnie RJ, Whitebread CH. The forbidden
fruit and the tree of knowledge: an inquiry into the legal history of
American marijuana prohibition. Va Law Rev. 1970;56:971-1204. www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/vlr/vlrtoc.htm. Grinspoon L.
History of cannabis as a medicine. August
16, 2005. www.maps.org/mmj/grinspoon_history_cannabis_medicine.pdf.
The Propaganda campaign and use of misinformation to capitalize on
fears of Americans led to the passing of the Federal Marijuana Tax Act
in 1937, which criminalized the use of marijuana.
It has long been believed that the propaganda campaign undertaken by
Anslinger was at the behest of the Dupont Petrochemical Company and
William Randolph Hearst, amongst others, for fear that Marijuana’s
legal status would lead to the hemp being an affordable replacement
for fabric and paper which would have severely harmed the financial
interests of the above individuals and entities.
In 1970, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was
passed and Marijuana was placed in Schedule I which currently includes
drugs such as LSD, GHB and Peyote. Schedule II contains the list of
drugs that are believed to be safer and pose less of a harm than
Marijuana, which include Cocaine, Morphine and Opium. Title 21,
Food and Drugs, Ch. 13, CSA §812(b)(1). www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/csa.html. |